After leaving a team, you need to wait 24 hours to be able to join a team again. Also, please note you won't be able to join a team if you have been kicked out of it. If this is the case, you will need to be invited to join the team to be part of it again.
If you're trying to join a "private" team, please remember that you can only send one invite request to a team at a time. You will not be able to send another request if you're still in a team, or if your previous request still appears in the chat window of the team it was sent to, even if this request has been rejected. You can join a team immediately if you get a direct invitation from the team captain/vice-captain.